The Invasion Of Panama :: essays research papers fc

The Invasion of PanamaThe U.S. invasion of Panama on December 20, 1989 was a mark ofexcellence on the behalf of the U.S. armed forces ability to effectively use theprinciples of war. The years leading up to the invasion set the climate forconflict drug trafficking became a major puzzle between Panama and the U.S. inthe 1980s, as well as Manuel Noriegas interference with the Panama canalemployees rights under the Panama Canal Treaty the final bring through that sparkedthe invasion was Noriegas attempt to fix the national election and the militaryenforcement of the fix after the election. Once this took place the U.S. beganto make a plan for the invasion. The overwhelming success of this missionstemmed from the U.S. militarys competent use of the principals of war.     The primary success of a mission is the ability to define an overallattainable objective for the mission. In the preparedness of the mission toinvade Panama, the U.S. military set out four main o bjectives of the mission.First, they wanted to "protect American lives" (Watson 69). This meant theywanted to protect the lives of the 35,000 U.S. citizens in Panama from attacksby Noriegas Panama Defense Force or PDF they also wanted to protect the livesof Americans at home by attempting to eliminate drug trafficking. Second, theywanted to "protect American interests and rights under the Panama Canal Treaty"(Watson 69). This could be done by abolishing Noriegas control of the workerswho operate the canal, and his control of the canal itself. Third, they wantedto "restore a parliamentary and freely elected government to Panama" (Watson 107).Here, the U.S. would gain control over the country and ensure a fair election.And, finally, they wanted to "apprehend Noriega" (Watson 69) for prosecution inthe U.S.. This would ease the difficulty of restoring democracy and eliminatingdrug trafficking, as well as giving Americans a feeling that justice was beings erved. These objectives gave the mission clear goals to achieve, allowing forthe planing of distributively task that needed to be completed in order to accomplish themission.     Once objective has been established, the next step was to derive asimple plan, hobby the principle of simplicity, which is the formation of"Direct, simple plans and clear, concise orders to minimize misunderstanding andconfusion" (Stofft 7). That is just what the U.S. did. They used direct andsimple plans to carry out their mission that is not to say the invasion was asimple operation, on the contrary, the command and control measures were verydifficult. Thus, the plan was as simple as it could be with concern to the

born on the 4th of july Essay -- essays research papers

Born on the Fourth of JulyThis book was incredible In all truth this was the first book I pay ever read cover to cover. The book, by Ron Kovic, as compargond to the film, by Oliver Stone, had some impressive similarities. Both the book and the film did a great job of characterization Rons childhood in Massapequa, Long Island. From the little league games to playing war in the woods, leading charges and setting ambushes. This was especially well done in the movie, and exactly as I pictured them darn reading the book. The time that he spent in Mexico was well defined in the book as well as in the film. While at that place were many similarities, what I feel is more important is to focus on the differences.There were countless subtile differences in the film as compared to the book, things such as shuffling the order in which chapters appeared in the film. For example, the opening of the film took a different path than the beginning of the book. In the book the first chapter set t he tone for the rest of the book, describing the firefight and all that had gone wrong, Burning into your mind the thought of Ron Kovic lying on the ground bleeding, paralyzed, shriek for help and hearing people get shot all around him. The beginning of the film is a different story all together. It gives you hope, it lulls you into believing that this is a happy story, the kind where everything incessantly works out in the end. It is not until after(prenominal) the blameless buildup of the character, after you feel as if you know him, that you see this scene. The inadvertent killing of the civilians, the baby, the killing of the corporal, all these things happen before you find out that this soldier, this nautical, will come home paralyzed.The film makes it a point to show that there was an on-going, pseudo romance between Ron and Joan Marfe. The two of them kissing on his birthday, Ron running to the prom and showing up soaking wet, asking her for a dance. Finding her after the war and going to a protest with her. None of these things were anywhere in the book, in fact the book only mentioned her once, and in that mentioning Ron said that he was evermore too nervous to ask her for a date. The film completely leaves out Rons marriage to Helen and his entire time in California. As for the reasons that Ron joined the Marine core there were some interesting and important differences. The film leads you to belie... ...girl whom he has known since first grade. The book mentions a girl same(p) this, once, merely she has a different name, and Ron doesnt ever talk to her. Also, the entire prom scene seemed to be made up to aid in the progression of the love story, sounds like dramatic license or artistic freedom to me.There were quite a few other books mentioned in History by Hollywood, but I felt that they were all portrayed and critiqued fairly. I found it reassuring that Toplin was more concerned about educating the reader that movies were a good thing f or history, while they are not always completely accurate, they do expand the minds of the people viewing them. If it was not for Pearl Harbor or Saving Private Ryan, an entire generation could have forgotten about World War II. I would even go as far as to say that in 50 years there will be a movie such as Pearl Harbor about the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. Movies are an important part of our lives, they can be used as a teaching tool, or as a means of remembrance, but they will always be used. I just hope that the people watching them dont take them as fact, but take them as a undercoat to learn more about what really happened.

Movie the Matrix and George Orwells 1984 Essay -- Compare Contrast Es

Movie the Matrix and George Orwells 1984Neo was now surrounded by people just like him who were searching for answers as to what the Matrix is. As they were sitting around the table, Mouse turns to Neo and says, To deny our relishs is to deny the very affaire that makes us human. During the Agent Simulation Training with Morpheus, Neo follows his impulses and turns around to look at the woman in the red dress, Mouses proud creation. Neo was only side by side(p) his human instincts. Of course, Mouses statement would only be true for each(prenominal) humans if we were actually allowed to have impulses. Winston Smith, in George Orwells 1984, would certainly disagree with this notion of humans having impulses, and all one in Airstrip One, Oceania would not even know what an impulse is. Winston followed his impulses when he saw that creamy book at the window of a itsy-bitsy junk shop on his way home from work one day. He had been stricken immediately by an overwhelming desire to pos sess it. And thats all an impulse is a spontaneous incitement or a natural tendency usually other than rational. An impulse is a sudden emotion, usually unruly and yet it had to be controlled. Winston follows his impulses and he buys the book. He then walks guiltily home because even with nothing written in it, that book was a compromising self-possession (9). But that simple act of purchasing an empty book could have caused him his life at that very moment. The citizens of Oceania are not allowed to have impulses and they were never taught what an impulse is to begin with. The Party could make it known that impulses of any kind are forbidden and go forth result to serving time in a squeeze labor camp or even death. The citizens of Oceania are denied the very thing th... ... knew from the start that Neo was the One. He is the One to protect humanity and secure its future. Winston, on the other hand, did not receive any of the answers that he was looking for. He wanted to know i f he was the only one in possession of a memory, and he wanted to know if this was all there is to life. But the Party convicts him of thoughtcrime and changes everything he ever believed in. The Party do him learn about Big Brother, they made him accept him, and ultimately, they made him love Big Brother and the principles of Ingsoc, and Winston did. Winston failed and he will never know what came of his mother and his younger sister, and know what really happened to them. He will never know what life was like before this and what life is like afterwards. Works CitedOrwell, George. 1984 New York New American Library, 1949. Movie The Matrix, 1999

The Right Of Autonomy :: essays research papers

The Right of AutonomyPolitical philosophy is the philosophy of the state. A state is agroup of mint who have supreme authority within a given territory or oer acertain population, according to Wolf. Authority then, is the honorable to program lineand the right to be obeyed which is different from power. Power in Wolffs terms,is the ability to compel compliance. Moral indecorum is a submission to lawswhich one has made for oneself. Wolf believes that in that location is a problem betweenauthority and autonomy. Autonomy overrides the importance of authority. Healso hypothesises that classical democracy fails to be a solution to this problem.An autonomous soul is not subject to the will of another. This isthought to be the primary pact of man. In political philosophy, autonomyis a refusal to be ruled, and authority of the state is the right to rule, thereis a conflict. If a man fulfills his obligation to autonomy, then he will goagainst the claim by the state to have authority o ver him. Wolf states, Hewill deny that he has a duty to obey the laws of the state simply because theyare the laws. This is the major conflict with political authority. approximatelyphilosophers believe that a solution to this problem is the concept ofdemocracy.This argument says that if men rule themselves then they would be boththe law givers and followers, combining autonomy with authority. Hisobligation to submit to the laws stems not from the divine right of the monarch,nor from the hereditary authority of a noble class, but from the fact that hehimself is the source of the laws which govern him.Wolf doesnt think that it fully solves the problem between authorityand autonomy. A unanimous direct democracy is the closest to resolving theconflict, yet in only exists in theory. interpreter democracy seems to solvethe problems of unanimous direct democracy, but it too, has its problems. Itsproblems lie in the fact that it is incredibly difficult for everyone to betruly represented. If one is not, then their autonomy is sacrificed. Anotherpossible democratic solution is majoritarian democracy. The problem with thiscomes with those people who are in the minority. The minority voice is limitingtheir autonomy because they are obeying something that they do not will. HereWolf again shows democracy fails to solve the problem between authority and

Narration, Metaphors, Images and Symbols in One Flew Over the Cuckoos

Narration, Metaphors, Images and Symbols in One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest In 1962, when One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest (the Nest), was published, the States was at the start of decade that would be characterized by turmoil. Involvement in Vietnam was increasing, civil rights marches were taking place in the reciprocal ohm and a new era of sexual promiscuity and drug use was about to come into full swing. Young Americans formed a subgroup in American society that historians termed the counterculture. The Nest is a product of time when it was written. It is anti-authoritarian and tells the tale of a mans rebelling against the establishment. Kesey used metaphor to make a social commentary on the America of the sixties. In this paper I will deal with three issues that seem to strike out from the novel. First is the choice that Kesey made in his decision to keep the novel using first person narration. The second part of this paper will be an analysis of some of the metaphors and Kesey uses to describe America in the sixties. in the end I will speak about the some of the religious images that Kesey has put in the novel. For the reader of the Nest, the most familiar character of the story would be caput Broom Bromden, a half Indian, paranoid schizophrenic, who has been in the institution since World War two, (about 15 years). He spends his days dwelling in the clouded header that his mental illness has produced. This illness is characterized by audio and visual hallucinations. He makes constant reference to the fog, the combine, and the machine. Bromden lives in a world inhabited by populate who have been implanted with machines. In part one of the novel, we read nothing but the delusions of a madman. The novel opens ... ...illan Company of Canada Limited, 1962. Klein, Maxwell. The Images and Metaphors of Flower Children. Chicago University of Chicago Press. 1988. Kunz, Don. mechanical and Totemistic Symbolization in Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest . A Casebook on passel Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. Ed. George J. Searles. Albuquerque University of brand-new Mexico Press. 1989. Pratt, John Clark. One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. New York The Viking Press. 1973. Semino, Elena, and Swindlehurst, Kate. Metaphor and Mind Style in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. Northern Light (online posting) Spring 1996. <www.northernlight.com/cgi-bin/pdserv?cbecid=6619970923010053874&ho=monsoon&po=508&cb=0> Unknown Author. Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. (online posting) <httpwww.nhmccd.cc.tx.us/contracts/lrc/kc/kesey.html>

How Stevenson Builds Suspense and Tension in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Es

How Stevenson Builds Suspense and Tension in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. HydeAfter thoroughly examining the question at hand. I have understoodthat I should comment on at least three results of the novel andclearly stress out how the writer create up the suspense and tension ofthe story. However I am going to look at techniques such as using shotquotations and not existence to repetitive. The episodes l am going to beexplaining are the incident of the letter, the remarkable incident ofDr Lanyon and the Last Night.In the Incident of the Letter, Stevenson starts of the episode bytelling us what Dr Jekylls house was handle through Mr Uttersons eyes.He later starts spicing up his story by describing Dr Jekyllsquarters as the, dingly windowless structure. Stevenson then alikegoes on to let up a mystic filling to the reader by describing the lightin Dr Jekylls theatre as, falling dimly through the fogy copula.Stevenson then went on to put a scary touch to the story by telling usthat Dr Jekll was, looking deadly sick, and that he, held out acold hand, when he met with Mr Utterson.When asked about Mr Hyde DrJekyll starts swearing out of knower and can be quoted saying,l amdone with him in this world. Later on in the episode Dr Jekyllproduces the much-awaited letter, which he claims, came from Mr Hyde.Tension can also be seen building up as Dr Jekyll cried out when hespoke to Mr Utterson. Dr Jekll was exposit as he, seemed seizedwith a queasiness of faintness, because Mr Utterson was talking about DrJekylls will which he linked to Dr Hyde. Later on in the episode astunning similarity is discovered in the midst of DrJekylls handwriting andMr Hydes. The fog around the city is then described as, s... ...that the eveningwas full of mystery. Stevenson described how the,scud, in the skywas, banked over the moon and also that Stevenson went on to alsodescribing London as, humming solemnly all around, and that thestillness, was broken by the sound moving to and fro the cabinet floor. beforehand the attack Stevenson put a note of scariness when hedescribed Mr Utterson as filled with a sudden chill of horror, whenhe had that Dr Jekyll had been weeping like a lost soul.As MrUtterson and Mr Poole attacked the cabinet door Stevenson used ahigh degree of tension and scariness to describe the sounds that cameout the cabinet which he described as, dismal screechs, as of mereanimal terror. When they finally broke in to the cabinet the bodythey found there was described as, sorely twist and stilltwitching, and yes it was Mr Hydes body.

How Stevenson Builds Suspense and Tension in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Es

How Stevenson Builds Suspense and Tension in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. HydeAfter thoroughly examining the question at hand. I have understoodthat I should comment on at least three episodes of the novel andclearly stress out how the writer built up the suspense and tension ofthe story. notwithstanding I am going to look at techniques such as using shotquotations and not being to repetitive. The episodes l am going to beexplaining are the incident of the letter, the remarkable incident ofDr Lanyon and the Last Night.In the Incident of the Letter, Stevenson starts of the episode bytelling us what Dr Jekylls house was like through Mr Uttersons eyes.He later starts spicing up his story by describing Dr Jekyllsquarters as the, dingly windowless structure. Stevenson then excessivelygoes on to give a mystic filling to the ref by describing the lightin Dr Jekylls theatre as, falling dimly through the fogy copula.Stevenson then went on to put a scary key signature to the story by telling usthat Dr Jekll was, looking deadly sick, and that he, held out acold hand, when he met with Mr Utterson.When asked about Mr Hyde DrJekyll starts swearing out of apprehender and can be quoted saying,l amdone with him in this world. Later on in the episode Dr Jekyllproduces the much-awaited letter, which he claims, came from Mr Hyde.Tension can also be seen building up as Dr Jekyll cried out when hespoke to Mr Utterson. Dr Jekll was described as he, seemed seizedwith a qualm of faintness, because Mr Utterson was talking about DrJekylls go out which he linked to Dr Hyde. Later on in the episode astunning similarity is discovered between DrJekylls handwriting andMr Hydes. The fog around the urban center is then described as, s... ...that the eveningwas full of mystery. Stevenson described how the,scud, in the skywas, banked over the moon and also that Stevenson went on to alsodescribing London as, hum solemnly all around, and that thestillness, was broken by the sound moving to and fro t he footlockerfloor. Before the attack Stevenson put a line of merchandise of scariness when hedescribed Mr Utterson as filled with a sudden chill of horror, whenhe had that Dr Jekyll had been weeping like a lost soul.As MrUtterson and Mr Poole attacked the cabinet door Stevenson used ahigh degree of tension and scariness to describe the sounds that cameout the cabinet which he described as, dismal screechs, as of mere animate being terror. When they finally broke in to the cabinet the bodythey found there was described as, sorely contorted and stilltwitching, and yes it was Mr Hydes body.

Perceptions of Use of Force Essay

IntroductionLaw en drawment police officers face extenuating circumstances on a daily basis. Their melody is to isolate and de-escalate circumstances that pose a threat and are beyond the control of citizens in their community. There are times officers may lead to resort to commit if necessary to gain control of an escalating situation. Basic law of nature enforcement training introduces officers to the force options available.Use of force is the amount of effort required by police to compel compliance by an un allowing subject (United States Department of Justice, 2004). The methods exercisingd to gain compliance range from verbal commands to the expend of deadly force. The use of force batch buzz off extensive consequences, both good and bad, for the reality, department, and officers involved.Few events in law enforcement attract the attention of the media, political establishment, and police administration more(prenominal) than a use of force incident, specifically an off icer-involved shooting. Media coverage molds the perception of the surrounding communities. This also influences the perception of officers and department staff, before and after incidents.Officer eruditionInterviews conducted with officers who have been involved in shootings have revealed that while many were well trained for the event, they often were not prepared for the investigation afterward (Pinizzotto, Davis, & Miller, 2006). Some believed investigations centered on finding something the officers did wrong so they could be charged with a crime or a violation of departmental policy. Others felt that the investigations were for the protection of the agency and not necessarily the officers involved (Bohrer & Chaney, 2010). Officers actions can be influenced by their experience with use of force incidents and knowledge of what has happened to fellow officers in similar situations.The Publics PerceptionPerceptions by the public of officer use of force incidents usually are as wi de and diverse as the population, often driven by media coverage, and sometimes influenced by a long-standing bias and mistrust of government (U.S. Department of Justice Community Relations Services, 1999). Though an officer feels they have the right to shoot, and the evidence supports the officers actions, this may not guarantee a positive, or even a neutral, reception from the public. In addition, who the police shoot seems to mold some perceptions. For example, a bank robber armed with a shotgun presents a different connotation than a 14-year-old thief wielding a knife (Bohrer, Kern, & Davis, 2008).Sometimes, it is who the police use the force against that can set the tone surrounding the incident. Communities where residents have perceived a police use of force incident as unjustified have a history of acting out with acts of civil disobedience. There are members of some communities that automatically assume the officer did something wrong in a use of force incident before the c ircumstances surrounding the incident are revealed. This may be a result of the medias premature coverage surrounding the incident.A departments lack of cooperation with the media can develop poor communication between the public and the police, resulting in distrust between all parties. By weakness to interact with the media in interviews or providing press releases, the department contributes to the negative perception formed by the media and public. The standard no comment statement given from departments, leaves the media and public with the impression that the police are trying to hide an incident involving excessive use of force.ConclusionEstablishing an open and positive working relationship with the media can rectify relations between the department and public. The department should take proactive steps to demonstrate their cooperation with the media by having a department representative contact the media before media representatives plan of attack the department. By taki ng the proactive approach the department demonstrates a desire to release information as it becomes available. Agencies should form a working relationship with the media and incite them to print and air stories on the responsibilities of officers and the training conducted to enhance their abilities.General information on past shootings, simulator experiences, and the perspective of the reasonable objective officer can swear out develop a cooperative association (Masters, 2000). Such a collaborative effort between the police and the media is not a magic pill and will not alleviate all of the public misperceptions and problems. However, it may reduce or prevent false perceptions, especially with officer-involved shootings (Pinizzotto, Davis, Bohrer, & Chaney 2009). Working together with the media forms the foundation of public understanding. joining together and sharing information can help both the police and the media deal with officer use of force incidents in a fair and advis ed way, as well as influence the perception of the public in a more positive manner.ReferencesBohrer, S., & Chaney, R. (2010). Police investigations of the use of deadly force can influence perceptions and putcomes. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin , 21-24.Bohrer, S., Kern, H., & Davis, E. (2008). The deadly dilemma Shoot or dont shoot. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin , 7-12.Masters, B. A. (2000, February 13). Under the gun I died, I killed, and I saw the nature of deadly force. Washington Post .Pinizzotto, A. J., Davis, E. F., & Miller III, C. E. (2006). Violent encounters A study of felonious assaults on our nations law enforcement officers. Washington, DC.Pinizzotto, A. J., Davis, E., Bohrer, S., & Chaney, R. (2009). Law enforcement perspective on the use of force hands-on, experimental training for prosecuting attorneys. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin , 16-21.U.S. Department of Justice Community Relations Services. (1999). Police use of excessive force A conciliation handbook for the pol ice and the community. Washington, DC.United States Department of Justice. (2004, June). United States Department of Justice. Retrieved September 12, 2010, from COPS Community OrientedPolicing Services http//www.cops.usdoj.gov/default.asp/ gunpoint=1374

Love in Like Water for Chocolate Essay

Have you ever experienced that euphoric sensation after eating an absolutely delicious provender? You are non alone. Many waste experienced this feeling and refer to it as a alimentgasm. These types of nexuss surrounded by intellectual nourishment and sex flip long been established, but from where do they come? Do we shed these familiaritys done our cultural experiences or are they biologically programmed within us? In Like Water for Chocolate, the author, Laura Esquivel, portrays sex and food as being affiliated in a cultural sense.The basis for this conclusion rests largely in her use of tradition and her depiction of a Latino family strongly based in their finale. This cultural foundation, paired with the interactions between characters, food, and sex, gives the reader plenty of evidence to support this perspective. Esquivel uses the preparation, eating, and serving of food as a connection to love and sex, and as humanness we have learned, through culture, to scram this connection. Structured in twelve chapters, each representing a month of the year, Esquivel has created an entrancing love story that is sprinkled with culinary enchantments around each corner.Each chapter is prefaced with a recipe that is relevant to the progression of the novel, not to mention the many cooking tid-bits thrown in throughout each chapter. The preparation of food is clearly very important to the culture being represented. Tita, the main character and protagonist, was born in the kitchen and possesses all the superior traits of a culinary expert. She is also glad (or cursed) with the ability to inject her emotions in to the food she cooks, in turn, infecting all those who consume the food with that emotion.In one section of the novel, Tita makes Quail, in Rose Petal Sauce, to posit her passion for her sister, Rasauras, husband, Pedro, who she is deeply in love with. With that meal it seemed they had discovered a new system of communication, in which Tita was th e transmitter, Pedro the receiver Pedro didnt offer any resistance. He let Tita penetrate to the farthest corners of his being, and all the while they couldnt take their eyes off each other. (Esquivel 52) It is customary, in many cultures, for a char to piss a meal for her significant other in ready to show how much she cares for him.The fact that Tita has taken the time to cook such a difficult and beautiful spectator, to translate her love to Pedro, shows how much impact this cultural custom has on her. Through this particular interaction, Esquivel has displayed the influence that culture has over the preparation of food and its relation to love. The expectation for a woman to acquire the ability to prepare food for her significant other brings me to another question Does a womans capacity for cooking significantly affect a mans attraction to her?Esquivel brings this question to the forefront of the readers mind when she offers this coincidence between Rasaura and Titas cook ing. The rice was obviously scorched, the meat dried out, the dessert burnt. But no one at the table dared display the tiniest hint of displeasure, not after Mama Elena had pointedly remarked As the first meal that Rosaura has cooked it isnt bad. Dont you agree, Pedro? Making a real effort not to ill-treatment his wife, Pedro replied No, for her first time its not too bad. (50-51)She goes on to show Pedros reaction to Titas cooking saying, It wasnt enough hed made his wife jealous earlier, for when Pedro tasted his first mouthful, he couldnt help closing his eyes in voluptuous delight and exclaiming It is a dish for the gods (51). This comparison allows us to reasonably assume that Titas aptitude for culinary artistry did contribute to the growth of Pedros love. So, how might this reaction be culturally habituated? In almost all cultures, men are expected to suffer and women are expected to cook. Even if a man is not consciously aware, they subconsciously factor this in to their choosing of a mate.It is culturally conditioned for a man to prioritize supporting his family over many other things. If a woman does not possess the ability to cook then a man whitethorn assume that she will not be able to support or provide for their family. This, of course, is not a strict rule of thought but, from my experience, it can be applied to many cases. Through comparison, Esquivel gives the reader evidence that Pedro loves Tita partially for her ability in the kitchen, and with prior knowledge we, as the reader, can attribute this connection to his cultural influences.Weve determined that falling in love can be related to a womans ability to make food, but what about the relationship between food and making love? Earlier I made a reference to the word foodgasm, this portion of a quote, which I previously used, provides a commodious example of what a foodgasm might look comparable. for when Pedro tasted his first mouthful, he couldnt help closing his eyes in voluptuo us delight and exclaiming It is a dish for the gods (Esquivel 51) It is instances like this one that finds Esquivel nudging the reader to make a connection between food and sex.Esquivels use of diction such as voluptuous makes it practically impossible not to connect this experience to the effects of an orgasm. mentation further on this connection, I think that giving food is a form of showing love honest as making love is. As raunchy as it may seem, Pedro is receiving Tita through food. It is their unique form of making love. Esquivel makes another food/love connection on page 67 when she says, Tita knew through her own flesh how fire transforms a tortilla, how a soul that hasnt been warmed by the fire of love is lifeless, like a useless eggs of corn flour.(67) Its almost as if Esquivel allows characters, in this case Tita, to take on the form of food. With this being said, receiving food is like receiving the person who made it. In Tita and Pedros case, it was their way of maki ng love before they could actually perform the act. I think that the importance of food to their relationship can be contributed to their cultures emphasis on food. If food were not so important to their culture it would not be the medium for such an important interaction.In order to make and express love in Like Water for Chocolate, Tita makes food for Pedro further emphasizing the cultural connection between food and love. Some may argue that this relationship between food and sex is purely inseparable and scientific. In some sense this is true. Sex and Food are both biologically programmed drives that all humans possess. We have a strong need to procreate in order to further our species as well as a great need to eat in order to survive. These are facts of nature, but you cant ignore the emotional connection that we have to food and sex.Tita and Pedro do not have these reactions to food in relation to sex simply because they need to eat or they have a great need to reproduce. Cu lture conditions us to eat because we love food not to simply eat to live. The same goes for sex. We are taught that in order to have sex one must have a connection to their partner it is morally sound to think this way. This is especially true for the culture being represented in Like Water for Chocolate. honourable in the way that Esquivel structures the novel you can get a sense of the importance food.The food must be treated with respect and love just as a person should be. Esquivel shows the significance of treating food well here Something strange was going on. Tita remembered that Nacha had always said that when people argue while preparing tamales, the tamales wint get cooked. They can be heated day after day and still stay raw, because the tamales are angry. In a case like that, you have to sing to them, which makes them happy then theyll cook. (218-219) Esquivels personification of food demonstrates the meaning that food holds in this culture. It has feelings and you hav e to love it and nurture it.You dont just eat food to eat it you eat food because food is a beautiful part of life that you respect. In this way, Esquivel creates a strong connection between food and love through the cultural importance that the novel puts on the meaning of food rather than the natural tendency of humans to make this connection. After analyzing Esquivels novel, Like Water for Chocolate, I can say that the connection between food, sex, and love, in this context, is predominately based on cultural influences rather than natural ones. In making food, one is showing how much they care, just as Tita did for Pedro with her Quale in Rose pedal sauce dish.The ability to create such meals, in a mans mind, is a reflection on a womans ability to provide for their family. By personifying food, Esquivel allows this process of cooking food and giving food to become much deeper than the simple act itself. The act of giving food then takes the form of giving ones self to the indivi dual receiving the food. Whether it is between food and love, cooking and falling in love, or eating food and making love, culture is the force that defines these connections. Works Cited Esquivel, Laura. Like Water for Chocolate. Trans. Carol Christensen and doubting Thomas Christensen. 1st ed. New York Doubleday, 1992. Print.

Sylvia “A White Heron”

Sylvia A White grinder In A White Heron, there was a early girl named Sylvia, for the first eight years of her sprightliness she had lived in a city environment. Sylvia then came to live with her grandmother in a country setting. This is where Sylvia became alive and one with nature. During her travel finished the country side one morning she noniced a human race who was searching for a white heron that he had seen a few weeks ago. At first Sylvia was scared of this man, he carried a gun and killed white herons, although he unfeignedly cared for this animal.As Sylvia played out time with this man, she began to in truth like him. Sylvia is a lost newborn country girl who is torn between her have it off for the young man who collects birds and her love for nature and its beauty. While living in the farm house her only companion seems to be a cow. Although it may seem like Sylvia is lonely she really isnt. She is happier in the country then she would be in a city setting. Sylvi a sp wipeouts all day at one with nature while at the farm.While the young man is intensively looking for the white heron, he winds up coming through her territory which makes Sylvia extremely upset. He apologizes to Sylvia and tries to explain that he got lost, but she becomes so upset that she labels him the enemy in the beginning. Sylvia feels threatened by him and becomes fearful. The young man tries to get Sylvia to lead him to the white heron by offering her ten dollars as a reward. Although Sylvia loves nature, and everything around it she thinks about how poor she really is and all the things that the ten dollars could buy.The money offering to Sylvia disrupted her sense of loyalty to nature. But as Sylvia spent time together with this man she found him appealing. Sylvias heart became excited from this man and although she was only a child her heart became filled with love towards this man that she had only came to know. Sylvia admired him so much, she had never met a man s o charming. Sylvia knew where the young man who was a hunter could find the white heron that he was looking for.Both of them played the gender roles they were suppose to in society, as the female Sylvia would not lead him to the nest of the heron, or start a conversation first. Sylvia would fairish look around and take in her surroundings as well as observe the young man and his every move. With Sylvia not talking it helps providence the bird and not giving away where the herons nest really is. While being out with the huntsman she became closer to him, but was not as close with nature as Sylvia usually was.Sylvia was not really fitting to sleep at all that night, so she went for a walk in the forest. She climbed the big oak tree looking for the herons nest, as Sylvia was climbing the tree branches were hard for her to climb through and gave her many scratches. As Sylvia fought through the branches and came to see light at the top of the tree she saw where the heron was nesting. Sylvia comes back to reality and the realization that she can not give up the herons nesting spot. Sylvia realizes that the young man was trying to come between her and nature.Sylvia balanced out her options of giving the young man the heron because of the money and being one with nature, and realized that she could not give the birds life away. Although Sylvia was so smitten by this man and knew giving up the herons location could be worth it, in the end she knew that she could not betray nature. After spending the morning with the bird, she realized that no man should or could ever be swayed by a mans charm. Sylvia became a tough strong hearted feminist that would not give up or betray what she believed in for any one, especially a man.Sylvia devoted her life to the world of nature and knew it would always be there for her. In this short story, Sylvia is tempted to betray the world of nature by the young man or the huntsman which represents evil. This story shows the struggle be tween good and evil, the constant seduction of good by evil and how to follow your instinct and go with what you truly believe in. Sylvia in a sense is the heron, untouched and at peace with her environment. Although because of external forces, which would be the hunter, Sylvia losses her innocence.If Sylvia would of given up where the heron nested it would of been like giving up a part of her and what she stands for. In this story Sylvia and the heron need each other for survival. It was not possible for Sylvia to betray nature, because if she did she would no longer be the same person. She was able to ignore the attraction of a man, money and attention for something she felt loyalty towards. Sylvia showed how she grew as a women and stayed loyal to her values that she felt so strongly about and making her relationship to the world of nature even stronger.

Courtroom Workgroups Essay

In The United States criminal justice system the casual arrangement between a criminal prosecutor, criminal defense attorney, and the judicial officeris called a lawcourt work group. The lawcourt workgroup was proposed by Eisenstein and Jacob in 1977 to explain their observations of the ship canal courts, especially lower level courts, actually come to decisions. This foundational concept in the academic discipline of criminal justice identifies the seemingly opposing motor hotel participants as collaborators in doing justice.Efficient courtroom workgroups seek to process cases rather than dispense justice. Because the courtroom workgroup deviates from the unexclusive idea of how justice works, it has developed a irregular zeal of virtues to continue its work and ease daily life for its participants. The academic theory of the courtroom workgroup has four cornerstone concepts that recognize this fact Speed, Pragmatic Cynicism, Collegiality, and Secrecy. This has been proved to g reater and lesser extents in different courts. Defendants are assumed to be guilty. The procedural merits of the case are the true determinative factors of an outcome. Prosecutors and defense attorneys engage in a comparison of charges against possible procedural flaws and possible defenses to determine at the going rate for a crime. These factors are used to figure out how much punishment the plea bargain will offer. For example, group relationships and the desire to keep a healthy working relationship are important to group members. The workings of the courtroom group and the going rate for given crimes are not matters for public disclosure. Estimates can be given to clients, but usually uttered in harm of the prosecutions willingness to negotiate. (Summarized by OConnor, T.R., 2005)The courtroom workgroup is a tool for prosecutorial discretion. Many different techniques are used to convince the defendant that the evidence against him or her is overwhelming. The defendant may be persuaded to plead guilty to a few of the charges in return for not being prosecuted for the remaining charges. To convince the defendant that the take a chance of not pleading guilty is intolerable, charge stacking is a process by which police and prosecutors create a case with numerous charges or numerous instances of the equivalent charge to convince the defendant that the risk of not pleading guilty is intolerable. Many indirect pressures come together to boost participation in the courtroom workgroup. Defense attorneys in public defender offices often do not have enough time to prepare a case in decimal point for all of their clients.Further, they often do not have the budget to fully investigate the facts of a case through either staff or reclusive investigators. They often must rely solely on police reports for such information. In some jurisdictions, clients do not meet their attorneys until they are in court. Typically, public defenders will meet briefly with clients in holding facilities or jails. The defense attorney defends his or her client by seeking less punishment. The courtroom workgroup is, in some sense, a response to a lack of resources for public defenders. Huemann (1977) indicates that galore(postnominal) defense attorneys feel pressured to keep up with their caseloads. This pressure can be revealed in the courtroom through disapproval by the judge for delays. Many indirect pressures come together to boost participation in the courtroom workgroup.While many of the higher level prosecutions still follow the model, there is evidence that lower-level proceedings follow the courtroom workgroup model. The thought of a courtroom workgroup is associated with plea bargaining. The courtroom workgroup shows world-shaking analytical power in overburdened courts dealing with large caseloads. The courtroom workgroup model is best suited to explain jurisdictions where defense attorneys are more or less permanently assigned, but even occasionally appointed lawyers can participate in these practices. Boland, Brady, Tyson, & Bassler (1983) indicate that approximately 90 percent of criminal cases are settled by plea bargain. This figure appears to be stable over the last twenty years (Rainville & Reaves, 2003). Some collaborative efforts on the part of the courtroom workgroup simply must be present to facilitate this high percentage of pleas.SourcesBoland, B., Brady, E., Tyson, H., & Bassler, J. (1983). The prosecution of felony arrests. Washington, D.C. thorax of Justice Statistics. Eisenstein, J. & Jacob, H. (1977). Felony Justice An organizational analysis ofcriminal courts. capital of Massachusetts Little & Brown. Huemann, M. (1977). Plea bargaining The experiences of prosecutors, judges, and defense attorneys. The University of Chicago Press Chicago, Il. OConnor, T.R. (2005). Court organizational issues The courtroom workgroup. http//faculty.ncwc.edu/TOConnor/417/417lect12.htm Rainville, G. & Reaves, B.A. (2003). Felony defendants in large urban counties. Washington D.C. Bureau of Justice Statistics.